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It is the distributed microstrip dipoles and the power combining structure that generate an omnidirectional feature for the antenna. Each pair includes two dipoles which work together to generate a broadband characteristic. It mainly consists of three identical pairs of printed half-wave dipole radiators. The configuration of the proposed UWB omnidirectional antenna is shown in Figure 1. In addition, the optimized omnidirectional antenna has a measured impedance bandwidth from 4.6 to 9.0 GHz (relative bandwidth is about 65%), which covers the entire 5 GHz bandwidth of IEEE 802.11a (5.15 GHz–5.35 GHz and 5.725–5.875 GHz). The proposed antenna can be easily realized on a planar substrate while it has a far-field radiation pattern similar to that of a magnetic dipole. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to optimize the whole structure. Such an antenna will be used as a radiation monitor at an actual microwave magnetron source system. In this paper, an ultrawideband (UWB) characteristic is realized on the Alford structure loop antenna with E-plane omnidirectionality. However, broadband omnidirectional antennas are urgently needed for modern communication systems. In, a dual-frequency Alford structure loop antenna is realized with eight T-dipoles. Several improved antennas based on Alford structure were also investigated to generate E-plane omnidirectional radiation patterns. Alford loop antenna, which is suitable at low frequencies with the wire type, was firstly reported in. However, in such a situation, E-plane omnidirectional antennas are also needed to investigate. As an H-plane omnidirectional antenna, monopole has been widely researched. A typical polarization diversity system is composed of two orthogonally polarized antennas, such as a vertically polarized monopole and a horizontally polarized Alford loop antenna. Omnidirectional antennas are widely used in wireless communication systems, especially for high-multipath communication applications based on polarization diversity technique. The PSO algorithm is a powerful candidate for microwave passive component design. Furthermore, the measured antenna polarization purity reaches about 20 dB at the communication C band. The maximum measured relative bandwidth of 65% is achieved for the proposed antenna after a rapid and efficient optimization. The presented PSO algorithm is useful in many industrial microwave applications, such as microwave magnetron design and other techniques with a high power level.
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A cooptimization method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and FDTD software is presented. A subtle list of icons will appear.A UWB E-plane omnidirectional microwave antenna is designed and fabricated for IEEE 802.11a communication system and microwave magnetron source system as a radiation monitor. To access MS Ink options in PowerPoint, go to Presentation mode and hover the cursor in the lower left part of the screen. Microsoft Ink is installed on classroom machines. By default, the upper switch is set to DOUBLE CLICK and the lower switch is set to RIGHT CLICK. Toggle the switch in either direction to activate the button functions.
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You can use the switch whenever the pen tip is within proximity of the display screen surface you do not need to touch the pen tip to the display surface. DuoSwitch (side switch): Be sure the programmable switch is in a convenient location where you can toggle it with your thumb or forefinger but not accidentally press it while using the pen.
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Some pens may be configured with a pen tether connection point. By default, the eraser function is set to ERASE. Pressure information is reported as you press down on the eraser. PEN FEATURES (from Wacom Manual, p.11) Eraser: When brought within proximity of the pen display (5 mm (0.2 inch)), the tablet portion of the display reports the pen location. Note that the Wacom Pen can be used to draw on the screen, and it can be used in place of the computer mouse. After the presentation has concluded, you are given the option of saving your annotations with your presentation. 1 Using a Wacom Interactive Pen Display and Microsoft Ink for Annotation When used as instructor displays in classrooms, Wacom Interactive Pen Displays allow the instructor to annotate presentations using the supplied pen and Microsoft Ink to mark on the screen.